The Best Structured Cabling for Your Office

If a modern office wants to maximise its productivity and efficiency then it needs modern cabling solutions. The common name for these modern groups of cabling is structured cabling. And it’s something that your business needs to embrace. Naturally, you may be hesitant to take on a complete rewire of your office. But the benefits are so irresistible that it’s difficult to resist.

What is Structured Cabling?

The sheer number of devices that a modern office uses is remarkable. But it’s also crucial. After all, these devices help offices to enhance productivity by making complicated tasks easier. The majority of these devices rely on networks to run and this is where structured cabling comes in. Using twisted pair Ethernet cables, structured cabling allows you to build an environment of connectivity where different devices can all be connected e.g. a PC network to a phone network.

Structured Cabling Standards

When it comes to data cabling there are a number of standards it must conform to which include:

• How structured cabling enters a premises and the manner in which it is terminated
• The details of any entrance facilities that the cabling will pass through
• Testing expectations and labelling methods for the cabling
• Dimensions and build details of the communications room that the cables will enter

These standards, and many more, can be found within the BS 6701 guidelines which are part of the BS 7671 Wiring regulations.

Structured Cabling Categories

A number of different cabling categories are available that should be able to satisfy the needs of any office:

• Cat 5 Cabling:

  Available since 1995, Cat 5 cabling allows networks to deliver 10/100 MBps Ethernet capabilities up to distances of 100 metres. A number of improvements have been made to this category since 1995 with the latest specification being Cat 5e. This newest version of Cat 5e boasts less noise and crosstalk to deliver better data transmission.

 

• Cat 6 Cabling:

  Launched in 2002, Cat 6 cabling features copper wires which are wound more tightly than Cat 5 cabling. This has allowed it to deliver better performance with Gigabit Ethernet transmissions at distances of 100 metres and is perfect for offices. It’s also important to point out that Cat 6 cabling is fully compatible with Cat 5 cabling.

 

• Cat 7 Cabling:

  Boasting a much thicker shielding than Cat 5 and 6 cabling, Cat 7 cabling is able to preserve data stability much better than its predecessors. Data transmissions of up to 40Gb can be achieved at 50 metres or even 100Gb at 15 metres. This is fantastic for smaller organizations, but a downside is that Cat 7 cabling is not compatible with Cat 5 or 6.

The Benefits of Good Office Cabling

Structured cabling has been developed to meet certain standards which bring a number of benefits to its users. Therefore, if you go with a structured cabling system you can expect:

• Simplicity: Structured cabling helps you build a uniform system containing either a combination of Cat 5 and 6 cables or one that contains only Cat 5, 6 or 7 cabling. This strategy allows you to minimise any complexities and makes identifying any network issues much easier. This reduces downtime and helps your office to remain productive.

 

• Adaptability: The beauty of structured cabling is that it’s highly flexible. The high bandwidth associated with structured cabling helps you to easily integrate future applications as and when necessary. Installation of new hardware is equally easy to achieve thanks to the uniform cabling in place. Accordingly, your office can grow effortlessly and become a stronger unit with ease.

 

• Cost Effective: The initial install of structured cabling may seem expensive, but the long term benefits make it highly cost effective. Not only are IT costs lowered due to the simplicity it brings, but structured cabling also makes your employees more productive. This powerful combination will make significant savings over time and eventually pay for itself.

It is essential that you don’t underestimate the importance of cabling as part of your office set up. Proper cabling will help to ensure that you get the best from all your other equipment. For further information, don’t hesitate to get in touch.

 

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What are the CPR regulations for data cables?

Building and construction cables manufactured after July 1, 2017, are subject to the Construction Product Regulation (CPR). So, what are the CPR regulations for data cables?

The CPR covers all construction products, including power cables, and classifies them according to their fire response. In addition, any product on the market before this date may continue to be sold and supplied without the CPR orientation. Cables are rated based on their flame properties. In addition, the ratings range from A to F, with the product checked and Euroclass-rated. Furthermore, there is additional classification based on smoke, flammable droplets, and acidity rating.

It aims to establish harmonised production standards and a common language across Europe, and to help buyers make better-informed decisions. While this is mandatory across all European countries, the minimum CPR Euro rating requirement may vary from country to country. Therefore, some countries have adopted a minimum rating. In contrast, some have adopted a risk assessment method. Furthermore, others, such as the United Kingdom, have a minimum rating, but a higher rating is recommended.

Compliance with CPR is mandatory and has implications in the supply chain. However, most of the responsibility falls on manufacturers, importers, and distributors. The onus is then also on the installer to expand their education about the correct choice of cable and its intended use.

Testing

Testing must be done by a body or laboratory. These labs are expensive to install and must be monitored by a supervisory body. The basic standards for flame spread and heat release are tested according to EN 60332-1-2 (small-scale) and EN 50399 (large-scale) burn tests. Additional standards exist for smoke opacity, droplets falling during combustion, and smoke acidity. For classes E and F, the required test is the burn test; for the upper classes, smoke and toxicity are measured.

Classification

The rating is based on Euroclass use. Thus, a uniform assessment rating reflects the real-life environment of construction products. For cables, Euroclass appreciates the response to fire performance. Relevant Euroclasses for CPR rating include B1ca, B2ca, CCA, DCA, Eka, and FCA.

Once a product has been tested by a laboratory, manufacturers are issued documentation of compliance with the valid Euroclass for that cable. The class is then used for labelling.

Labelling

Firstly, CE markings must be installed by the CPR update regulations. The CE mark should be on the product (rail) and packaging label. Label Declaration Performance (DOP) Number, Declared Performance (Class BCA, CCA, DCA or ECA), Notified Reference to Compatible Standard, Notified Body or Notified Laboratory Identification. It is essential to quote the number and the desired product. The markings on the cable itself should include a historical reference to the standard of conformity and identify the CPR class (B2CA, CCA, DCA, or ECA).

What is CPR Compliance?

CE Labelling is the fastest way to identify a cable, according to CPR. Thus, CE marking is already a legal requirement, but it now requires additional information to help detect it, including CPR classification. CE labels can be on cable or cable packaging. They indicate cable testing by a notified body. Operated independently of manufacturers and suppliers, this rating requires Performance Continuity and Performance (AVCP).

So what do I need to do?

There is a legal requirement that relevant cables manufactured after July 1, 2017, must comply with CPR. As an end-user, you must ensure that the CE labelling is present on the cable or packaging and check for a CPR rating where appropriate. Remember, cables placed on the market before this date are not subject to this legislation and can be installed as such. Once again, this is subject to country-by-country adoption.

End users are urged to be practical in selecting and specifying cables. The cable selected must also meet other national, international, and industry standards. Each installation must be considered in light of country-specific regulations.

For example, in the United Kingdom, the Department for Education specifies the performance category of cable and the required fire rating.

“For new installations, cabling should comply with fire rating requirements defined in the latest version of British Standards 6701, currently stated as Euroclass Cca s1b.d2.a2.” {Department for Education – “Meeting digital and technology standards in schools and colleges”}

One additional consideration when selecting standard meeting cables is to ensure you purchase pure copper cables. There are cheaper alternatives on the market that use a different central core and are coated in copper. These cables perform poorly and, in many cases, pose a fire hazard.

To read more about these alternative cables, please review The problem with CCA, CCS and CCC Cable and why to avoid them.

What is the purpose of the CPR regulations for data cables?

The Construction Products Regulation (CPR) provides consistent conditions for the marketing of data cabling products based on their performance. This is achieved by providing a “common technical language” that allows for similar methods to be used to evaluate the performance of data cabling products and to compare the performance of products from different manufacturers in different countries.

These methods are formulated in terms of compatibility standards or technical features.

What benefits do CPR regulations for data cables generate?

CPR created a high level of protection for all elements of the installation process, including those during the installation phase and those occupying the buildings after completion.

There should be the same level of protection for all end users. National requirements are regulated, not just recommended. Once non-compliance is detected, national authorities may enforce the withdrawal of unsecured cables from the market.

Users of construction products can better define their performance requirements because:

The manufacturer assumes full responsibility for the performance in the performance declaration, which is a legally binding document (the consequences of non-compliance may be catastrophic for the manufacturer). The performance appraisal and sustainability assessment are defined by the performance appraisal and validation, and conducted by third-party entities. Market monitoring is more efficient because one can rely on general information structures and dedicated resources.

For further articles with regards to CPR regulations for data cables, please visit our Knowledge Center HERE.

For a Free Quotation please email sales@nmcabling.co.uk or call 01923 888588

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Advantages of Structured Cabling

Structured Cabling: What It Is and Why It Matters

So why is structured cabling important? A structured cabling design for your infrastructure allows all linked hardware to work over a common data cabling system. Thus, it builds a complete telecommunications' infrastructure. You can then use this infrastructure for your telephone services, transmitting data through your computer network, or for other purposes such as CCTV, AV, Access Control, and BMS where you may need cabling.

When your business has structured cabling, you can enjoy consistent and predictable performance. Furthermore, it improves system accessibility and streamlines your cabling infrastructure. Also, it provides fault-finding and quick replacement for anything if something goes wrong. This is done by utilising spare ports that were once used for other hardware but can be moved to serve others

Structured cabling involves designing and building the best practices for your telecommunications infrastructure. This exercise helps to standardize your telecom cabling infrastructure by facilitating collaboration, current requirements, and future possibilities into one cabling system and hardware design

What is structured wiring?

Described as building or campus telecommunications cabling, structured cabling is an infrastructure that consists of several standard components, such as patch panels and multi-fibre or multi-copper data cables. Regardless of manufacturer, the industry standards are ratified to provide a certain system performance to match the chosen cabling infrastructure to install. Furthermore, this system standard will be able to handle the transmission of all hardware systems equally regardless of system type and function

Through standardization and design, the required fiber and copper ports are deployed and distributed throughout the office or working area. These generally go back to a central communications room. In addition, local communication rooms are used and linked back to the main room in larger spaces. These IT rooms allow for immediate need and future development. This enables active ports to be managed, operated, or taken out of service in an inactive environment.

This maximizes system availability, redundancy, and future proof cabling system usability.

Structured Cabling vs. Conventional Cabling

An alternative to structured cabling is something called "point-to-point cabling", which you can also call "conventional cabling". This would be where each system has its own dedicated data cabling and doesn't link together.

For example, the following systems might have their own dedicated data cabling:

• Computers
• Telephones
• CCTV
• Audio Visual
• Access Control
• BMS
• Alarms
• WIFI

The main difference between the two is when the main distribution area is used for structural cabling. In structural cabling, there is the main distribution area, or communications room, where all the cables in your structural cable network come together. This makes it easy to make any changes, additions, or adjustments with just a few patch bones.

In legacy or point-to-point cabling, on the other hand, each piece of hardware is connected to a separate cabling network. This was commonly seen in legacy telephone systems where the phone system might not be in the communications room but rather at the entry point. In addition, it was commonly seen with CCTV systems where the cabling would go directly to a security office rather than the main communications room

The problem arises where the different systems cannot access one another hardware. Data cabling links would be installed to link them together. However, with a structured cabling system, all data cabling goes to a central point and the linking together is done through the same switches and within the same cabinets. Thus, much more efficient and less room for error and problems

Where and where do you need structured cabling?

Which businesses require structural cabling? If your business has a computer network and/or telecommunications system, you will require structural cabling. Furthermore, you should install cables throughout your entire cable structure. The more you can bring all hardware onto a common cabling infrastructure, the better the overall design will be.

Even if you now have a small business with a phone line and two computers, if you ever want to grow or expand your business, you should invest in structured cabling. When you're starting, it's a good time to think about your structured cabling. Thus, it will be just as easy to add new cables and hardware to your growing system when it starts with a future-minded design and standard of cabling

What Does Structured Cabling Look Like?

The overall data cabling system consists of the following elements

• Data Cabinets
• Patch Panels
• The physical data cable and its standard (Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7, Cat8)
• The backbone links connecting multiple cabinets
• The user outlet module
• The Patch leads to connect the cabling to active hardware

The cabling will run from the central cabinet or multiple cabinets in larger spaces to each outlet regardless of hardware. For example, an outlet will be the same for a PC, Telephone, or CCTV camera.

The single cable from a central point is called a "Star Network". This way if one cable is damaged the whole system isn't compromised.

The cables terminate at individual outlets at the user end. At the cabinet end, they terminate onto 24 or 48 port "Patch Panels". This combines outlets into compressed panels to fit inside data cabinets.

Patch leads are used on both ends to connect to active hardware. At the user end a patch lead will go from the outlet module to the PC, Telephone, etc. Furthermore, at the cabinet, the patch lead will connect that individual patch panel port to the active switches and routers

Finally, when more than one cabinet is present, "Backbone Cabling" is installed. This is copper or fibre cabling that links the cabinets together. Generally, this is undertaken patch panel to patch panel

What Are the Benefits of Structured Cabling? 

Again, the organization is the keyword here. The advantages of a well-organized cabling system are:

• Movement, augmentation, and transformation within the same user space. Multiple systems can use a single cabling outlet
• Time-saving; With structural cabling systems, cable and port tracing becomes an easy task. This logical, organized approach not only makes the changes easier but also saves you time.
• Aesthetics. Never underestimate that an organized cabling system will look much better than several systems installed with their own dedicated wiring. This is especially true at the cabinet and patch panel end where they can be combined and patched in a common system
• One of the most important benefits of structured cabling is that it can reduce human error and time-lapse. In a structured cabling system, if there is a disconnection or damage on a single port, the whole system isn't affected. Also, any spare data ports can be immediately used to move that hardware and get it running quickly

Further articles on 'The Importance of Structured Cabling'
visit our Knowledge Centre HERE

For a Free Quotation please email sales@nmcabling.co.uk or call 01923 888588

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What is Copper Backbone cabling?

Copper backbone cabling supports the installation of data cabling when served from more than one single location. Therefore, what is copper backbone cabling? Ethernet or structured cabling refers to methods for connecting computers to a local network, or LAN.

The basic idea of its design is that most computers have direct access to a dedicated data cabling cabinet. An example of an Ethernet connection is a cable system that connects a computer network to a small business office. Furthermore, Telephones, Wi-Fi, Printers, CCTV, and Audiovisual Systems all connect via structured cabling.

Backbone cabling connects 2 separate areas so they can share the same network and communications. For example, on a multi-floor building, there will be individual comms rooms or cabinets dedicated to each floor. These cabinets will need to be linked so that they can communicate. In addition, small wall-mounted cabinets are often installed in remote locations, such as a storage warehouse.

Backbone Cabling

Also known as vertical cabling, the backbone provides communication between telecommunications rooms, access facilities, machine rooms, or buildings. Backbones can be done with many types of cables, including coaxial, structured cabling, and fiber optic cabling. Fibre optic cables are usually the standard for linking together two communication rooms, but the ease of installation and cost considerations sometimes lead to a copper backbone installation

The copper backbone can at times be anything from Cat5e and Cat6 through the higher grades of Cat6a, Cat7, and Cat8

Cat6a, Cat7, and Cat8 allow connection between two cabinets at 10 Gigabit, whereas the other categories have a maximum of 1 Gigabit

What is the difference between the backbone cabling and the horizontal cabling?

A horizontal cable installation runs from the user equipment, such as a telephone or computer, to a communication or IT room. This can be used to connect workplaces and various services and information stores, and then run to the telephone communications room. Depending on your needs, a standard gigabit Ethernet cable can do the job, but fiber optic cables are sometimes also used. Backbone cabling and horizontal cabling share many features of telecommunications services and are in many ways very similar. Furthermore, both are important for large networks, as seen in business settings and educational buildings. With that in mind, the type of cable used can make a difference, so be sure to consult a communications professional.

Consideration for Cabling Installation

Backbone systems are often called riser systems because, in most installations, a lot of systems, especially cable, are installed in a straight riser. In multi-story buildings, for example, the backbone connects equipment or a computer room to the basement, and communication cabinets are available on all floors.

On the campus, however, the backbone can work horizontally, connecting various entrances or remote communication cabinets. In some applications, however, there is no real difference between the words “horizontal” and “vertical.” Physical topologies can vary, and sometimes communication is inconsistent with our ideas about what a backbone is.

The main requirement of a backbone program is to support a wide range of user programs, from simple voice transfers to high-speed data and multimedia networks. To meet this requirement, planners and installers should use foresight when planning the spinal plan. The installation today should anticipate future growth with existing applications and current needs. For this reason, most backbone implants are based on fiber optical fiber and can be loaded with bulk end fibers, if not real wires. Another recent trend is to install fiber-optic cables in parts of the backbone. Furthermore, use multimode cable while leaving single-mode strands dark or unused to support future needs.

Voice Cabling Links

The majority of phone systems are now VoIP, meaning phone signals are transmitted over Ethernet. However, in older analogue and digital systems, the transmission of the voice signals is still required to be linked via copper data cabling

In an analogue system, 1 or 2 pairs per outlet are used for a phone. Therefore, Multi-core cables were and are used to link phone voice panels. If you need to serve 100 phones, you can install a 100-pair or 200-pair cable. The analouge system network is now phase out and moved totally over to digital

With a digital system, an individual cable per phone is required to go back to the central phone system. If you have 20 phones, you run 20 data cabling links between cabinets

What the retirement of analogue phone lines, also known as the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), means for you.

 

Are Cat5e, Cat6, or Cat6a suitable cables for backbone cabling?

As previously mentioned,  most designs call for fibre-optic cabling for their backbone connections.

However, many situations only require a simple copper backbone connection. The following areas are where a copper data cable might be a better and more cost-effective solution

1. When linking a small wall cabinet to the main communications room (i.e a small number of users)
2. If the distance between cabinets is short and under 90m
3. When the expected traffic between data networks is expected to be low-bandwidth
4. When linking equipment with internal comms equipment directly to the network. (I.e a processing machine that has internal cabling back to a central in a product cabinet)

The cost savings from using copper cabling are that Fibre optic transceivers and receivers are not required. These are required to send and receive data. In some cases, this requires an upgraded switch, which can be expensive

For further articles regarding What is Copper Backbone cabling? Please visit our Knowledge Center HERE

For a Free Quotation please email sales@nmcabling.co.uk or call 01923 888588

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What is Cat7 Ethernet?

The Category 7 cable, commonly referred to as Cat7 cable is a type of advanced data transfer patch cable used to provide the basic infrastructure for a wired Gigabit, 10 Gigabit, 40 GB and 100GB  Ethernet setup. A Cat 7 cable offers performance up to 600MHz but is still an unknown entity in telecommunications. Testing has successfully shown its ability to transmit up to 40 Gb at 50 meters and even 100 Gb at 15 meters

Ethernet cables come in all shapes, lengths, and sizes, but the biggest difference between them is their construction and size. This indicates both their performance, which is directly related to signal to noise ratio. While cables like Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6a, are quite common, Cat 7 is a little different. Its not often found outside the data centre or home automation environment.

Indeed a majority of manufacturers don’t offer a total Cat7 solution and prefer to base their design on a shielded Cat6a solution which has the same performance at 90m

However today, a very diverse range of commercial and industrial sectors is rapidly increasing the demand for internet and data transfer speeds. A modern reflection of this fact is that we are constantly looking for ways to leverage the highly efficient capabilities of our latest technology. Especially as we get closer to the internet of things era where almost any device allows you to record and transfer potentially valuable user data in real-time, so moving forward forever is becoming more important. The technology is a steep curve and the cabling will be required to follow

Cat7 cable specifications

Category 7 Ethernet cable springs are described in ISO / IEC 11801: 2002. This specification is also known as Class F standard, which is why Cat 7 cable is sometimes called ISO class F cable. This Cat 7 Ethernet cable specifies that there must be a wired connection:

• It can provide reliable data transfer rates over a certain range of distances
• It can deal with a range of potentially troublesome environmental hazards as it provides these speeds
• Designed to meet stringent standards around the cross stall and system noise prevention
• Minimum age guarantee in permanent operation
• Its is ratified to a permanent link of 90 metres with an allowance of patch leads of 5m at each end

Cat7 cable speed

The Cat 7 was designed to support 10 Gbps Ethernet, although laboratory tests have successfully shown it to be much higher, up to 40 Gbps and even 100 Gbps. The 100GB capability has been moved to 15 meters – however, the exact setup of the synchronized hardware will be required. In terms of raw performance compared to the previous review, it is theoretically 6 times higher than the Cat 5e (100 MHz), and 2.4 times higher than the Cat 6 (250 MHz)

Cat7 Ethernet cable standards

The Category 7 wire includes four individually shielded twisted copper pairs. In additionl as an overall cable shield. Thus helping meet stringent standards for compensating for signal loss over distance. Furthermore the Cat 7 cable is better designed to protect against potential degradation caused by such issues crystalline and EMI.

In the connectors there are also additional copper connections top left and top right. Thus in addition to the usual 8 core positions in Cat5e through Cat6a. Therefore this requires matching patch leads and specialised switches to interact with these connectors for transmission. These connectors are commonly known as GG45 connectors or TERA conectors

Types of Cat7 Ethernet cable

Cat7a cable

Category 7A, also commonly called Augmented Category 7, operates at frequencies up to 1000 MHz. The Cat7a is designed for multiple applications in a single cable, including 40 Gigabit Ethernet and 100 Gigabit Ethernet. Test results show that 40 Gigabit Ethernet will work up to 50 meters and 100 Gigabit Ethernet up to 15 meters is possible. Furthermore, CAT7 can be employed for pair sharing. Therefore one cable can be used for two or more different devices

Benefits of Cat7 Ethernet

There are the following benefits of Cat7 ethernet

Backward compatibility

Backward compatibility refers to the next generation cabling that meets all the features of its category and the features of the current category. Cat 7 cables are backward synchronized with Cat 5, Cat 5e, and Cat 6 categories. If you connect a Cat7 cable to an old router, everything will work fine. However bear in mind that a cabling link is only as good as its weakest point. Therefore with a cat5e patch leads is only rated as a Cat5e performance link

Performance

As the latest category of Ethernet cables, the Cat7 performs relatively fast and increases bandwidth compared to its predecessors. With a maximum transmission frequency of 600 MHz and a maximum speed of 10 Gbps for copper wires over 100 meters, this cable is a high-performance Internet connection for smart homes or in business environments.

Conclusion

If you have smart home technology or are in an environment that requires a fast internet connection, the Cat 7 Cables are the perfect match.  However, if you are on a reduced budget, you can choose Cat 6 or Cat 5 cables. Cat6a in most cases will in fact provide the same performance as Cat7

For further articles with regards to What is Cat7 Ethernet please visit our Knowledge Center HERE

For a Free Cat7 installation Quotation please email sales@nmcabling.co.uk or call 01923 888588

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Structured Cabling System Components

Every data and telephone cabling installation is unique. However the majority of projects all consist of a similar set of structured cabling system components.

The areas that they have included and the way that they will be installed all differ. Furthermore depending on the size of the project not all elements will be present

There are 6 areas that are generally found in every data and telephone cabling installation.

6 Structured Cabling System Components

1. The Incoming Services or Entrance Facility
2. The Main Communications or Equipment Room
3. Separate Sub Cabinets or Telecommunication Rooms
4. Backbone Cabling linking them together
5. The general work areas
6. Horizontal data cabling serving the work areas

On larger projects all these will be present. However on smaller projects they may be combined. For example the entrance facility and communications room may be the same room. Furthermore there may only be one cabinet and therefore no sub cabinets or backbone cabling

The Incoming Services or Entrance Facility 

This area is where the incoming services enter the building and create a demarcation point. This can be for both data and telephone cabling. For example a BT distribution point or a blown fibre housing box.

In some buildings this might go directly into the communications room. However it is usually separate and then linked to the comms room. Meanwhile in a multi tenanted building the entrance facility will house all services. Consequently each tenant then connects their own communications room to this area

The Main Communications or Equipment Room

In short the communications room is where all the hardware and control technology are house for a client. Likewise this is generally the same for multi floors or single floor use. The incoming active broadband router, firewall, servers storage and main hardware are generally housed in the main communications room.

In addition other technology and hardware will be housed in this central hub. These can include the following

• Audio Visual equipment such as satellite boxes, storage, music servers, and digital signage controllers
• CCTV recording equipment and screens
• BMS Controls
• Access Control
• Smart lighting controllers

The building may have several cabinets throughout. However the main communications room will generally house the central hub of these services.

The communications room also has to take into consideration present and future  requirements. Furthermore the required power, cooling and security. However in smaller buildings the space might just be a wall mounted cabinet on the wall of an office

We have written a further article of how to size and design a suitable comms room space in any installation which you can find here

Designing and Allocating Space for Communication Rooms

Separate Sub Cabinets or Telecommunication Rooms

Generally when the building is over a large space or on several floors there will be more than one communication room space. Thus telecommunication rooms or satellite cabinets are created

The cabinet locations are designed to ensure that no data cabling runs exceed 90 metres. This is the standardised maximum length of any copper data cabling installation

Compared to the main communications room they don’t usually contain a lot of or any of the control technology and hardware. In this case they house additional data switches and the patch panels for the data cabling to that dedicated cabinet or room. Generally each floor will have its own cabinet or room. However depending on size several floors can be served from a single room.

Likewise in many designs the main communications room will house the data cabling to that floor and maybe one or two others. Furthermore in a smaller installation they may only be one comms room that  all the data cabling runs back to

As a result of creating these satellite cabinets they require connection back to the main comms room. This is done by backbone cabling.

Backbone Cabling

When the project requires more than one set of cabinets the design of backbone cabling becomes important. Generally these are fibre optic cabling installations but can at times be installed in copper

Structured cabling design is based around a star design. Thus each outlet has a data cable that runs directly back to the comms cabinet. Similarly the backbone design follows the same pattern

All the sub cabinets will have a direct link back to the main communications room. Furthermore in some cases they will have 2 separate dedicated links between the two areas. In addition these will follow two separate routes to create resilience in cases of damage to one of the links. Likewise in some installations the sub cabinets will also have links between them to create additional resilience in case of broken or damaged cables. Thus is one cable gets damaged then they are alternative paths for the data transmissions to tarvel

The backbone cabling is generally fibre optic cabling due to its great bandwidth capability. In addition it is also able to carry multiple channel connections over a single cable. For example each of the following may require a separate connection between comms room and sub cabinet

• Data Connection
• VoIP phone systems
• CCTV
• Access Control
• BMS
• WiFi
• AV

Fibre optic cabling achieves this by installing a 16 core single cable to cover this. (2 cores per link). In contrast 7 individual copper cables would need to be installed to achieve the same connections. Furthermore the fibre optic will generally be oversized such as a 24 core to allow for future growth.

In the same way that data cabling to the work areas cannot exceed 90m neither can it in backbone links. Hence if the links are greater than 90m then fibre optic cabling must be used

Work Areas

The work area is any area when work is carried out or requires coverage. This can include areas such as:

• Desks, Meeting Rooms, Conference Facilities, Reception
• Cafes, Restaurant, Kitchen and Welfare Areas
• Warehouse and Storage
• External Areas
• Bespoke working requirements

Each building or campus is different. However any area can be a work area and all follow a similar set of guidelines for cabling to them. Furthermore they have guidelines to plan for the present and future considerations of that particular workspace. This will include the data cabling, power and containment.

Furthermore the type of termination points will depend on the location. Will they be floor boxes or grommets or mounted on the wall. In addition will waterproff or IP rated termination boxes be required for external or warehouse areas

Horizontal Cabling

The work areas are served by the horizontal cabling. It is referred to as horizontal cabling as generally the cabling runs horizontally and directly from a dedicated cabinet on the same floor. However as previously mentioned in some cases on floor cabinets may server several floors.

The maximum distance is 90m from work area to cabinet. This is the same for data and telephone cabling, CCTV, WiFi or any other cabling run over data

The choice of horizontal cabling will depend on the requirements of the clients hardware. For example Cat5e and Cat6 are suitable for Gigabit transmission speeds. However for 10 Gigabit Cat6a is recommended as a minimum cable specification

This article explains the differences in cabling further What is the difference between Cat5 Cat6 Cat7 Cat8 Cabling?

In some installation although rarely fibre optic cabling is installed directly to the desk. Generally this is for high security or high speed applications. This is referred to as Fibre to the Desk or FTTD

Summary of Structured Cabling System Components

Each project is different and the size will dictate to how the design will go. However with the 6 components above the basis of a suitable installation is built

We offer free surveys and advice on your data and telephone cabling requirements so call us to discuss further

For further articles with regards to structured cabling system components please visit our Knowledge Center HERE

For a Free Quotation please email sales@nmcabling.co.uk or call 01923 888588

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What is Structured Cabling?

What is Structured cabling in Networking? It is the design and installation of a cabling systems that will support multiple hardware use systems and be suitable for today’s needs and those of the future. For example cat5e, cat6 or cat6a can be part of a bundled structured cable design cable. Thus providing the infrastructure to connect a phone, PC, CCTV Camera, Wi-Fi, TV or Music server. In this instance all by just plugging in differently at the main cable area where all the cables originate from

Why is Structured Cabling Important?

Without a cabling infrastructure that is structured for all technology your future growth will be limited. Indeed one of the biggest examples of this is old telehone wiring for PBX systems that now need upgrading for VoIP. Legacy CCTV cabling and WiFi cabling is also increasingly being required be changed recently due to increase in technology and surpassing old cabling standards

Data Cabling Standards

The data cabling systems is administered under a guideline of set cabling standards so that installations follow a consistently of installation and quality with an allowance of expansion and coverage of the technologies it is installed to link and operate

The standards cover a range of expectations such as

• How the cabling should enter a building and be terminated
• The type, construction and size of the entrance facility
• The construction and size of the communications room and cabinet
• The number of cables to allow per user and workspace area
• The containment allowances for these cables
• Installation and terminating guidelines for the cables
• Testing and labelling expectations

Network Cabling Design

What is structured cabling in networking design based on? The correct design of the structured cabling will provide predictable performance and aid future expansion. Furthermore assist in easier future relocations, moves and changes

In essence it’s looking at the cabling design like an architect would do with a building or home and see how best to bring all the required elements together and work as one harmonious system. If the cabling is lacking in design the technology systems will lack in performance and operation

The design will consider whether to cable directly to each location where desks and furniture are not expected to move or whether to cable to distribution points which then link locally to desks allowing for easier future moves and re-arrangements of desks and furniture

The structured cabling system should cover all elements of the building hardware and technology requirements and bring them all into a central design. This design would include the cabinet space and locations and whether they are in a single location or split over several floors and how the various locations are linked whether via copper or fibre optic cabling. The containment and spaces that the cabling will travel through will also be a design consideration. The cabling must be correctly contained and supported to enable longevity and performance. The structured cabling spaces and containment must also allow for future growth of additional cables to travel through these areas. 40% fill on initial install and 60% maximum fill is the BICSI standard for example

Categories of Cabling

Structured cabling can consist of a single specific standard of data cabling such as Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a or fibre optics. It also in some cases will specify different categories of cable dependant on what has been requested and specified by each hardware provider. The differences in cable could be a requirement to meet termination practices, containment limitations or installation costs.

The overall design could call for Cat6a data cabling to desks for PC’s and Phones for 10 gig, Cat6 for CCTV, Cat5e to Access Control and Dual Cat6a to WIFI. The best solution would be to cable the overall solution to the highest standard cabling category so that in the future all systems could work off the same data cabling but the other considerations of containment and cost are also important to take into consideration

All hardware has a bandwidth and speed requirement for which the correct data cabling infrastructure must be installed to enable that hardware to perform at its required levels and work as required. An example would be a requirement for a 10gig connection at 80 metres which would require a structured cabling system of Cat6a cabling to be installed as Cat5e and Cat6 would not support these transmission requirements

Importance of Data Cabling Testing

Structured cabling also outlines a consistency of termination, testing and labelling. There are several standard of terminations when it comes to copper data cabling and fibre optic data cabling. Problems arise if different standards are followed by different installers. Thus over an ongoing timeline users will find that certain outlets don’t work when moving hardware. In this instance because the ports are wired to a different termination standard

Testing parameters and standards are also important as without fully tested data cabling results the end user will not know if that cable has been

• Install correctly and within the maximum distance
• Installed in the correct separation distances and bend radius
• Been terminated correctly both ends
• Has been tested and confirmed to work to a set standard of transmission tests

Without these test results showing full passes the user will find problems in their hardware performance in the present and ongoing into the future

Structured Cabling Labeling

The consistency of labelling is also a very important part of a structured cabling installation. The labeling should be designed in advance and follow an easy to follow outline. The labeling should specify some or all of the following.

• The Cabinet or Floor Number
• The Outlet Number
• The floor box or cluster number (in some cases)

Different floors or cabinets will also at times have different colour outlet labels and panels

An example would be a blue label marked 3/15/4

(3^rd Floor, Floor Box 15, Outlet number 4)

Structured Cabling Documentation

What is structured cabling in networking when it comes to the correct documentation? The completed data cabling systems should be accompanied by the test results and a full set of drawings and documentation

This will depend on the size of the building and the requirements of the end user but can consist of the following

• Marked up drawings with outlet numbers for each location
• Communication cabinet layouts
• Floor to floor cabling schematics
• Test Results
• Manufacturer data sheets

As hardware changes rapidly and the data cabling requirements to those change with them a focus on a structured cabling systems rather than quick cabling requirement only for the present is becoming more of a necessity.

Power over Ethernet requirements have changed immensely and the cabling requirements to handle these data and electrical requirements will exceed legacy cabling installations quite quickly

With a focus on data cabling design and then implementing a correctly installed system your requirements of today and of tomorrow will be catered for and whatever hardware you choose to add or change will be supported.

For further articles that answer What is Structured Cabling in Networking please visit our Knowledge Center HERE

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A structured cabling consultant will design the overall cabling installation. This encompasses the overall design of a data cabling project. Thus from the start of the design process, through the installation and onto the finalising and commissioning stage

The main focus is that the design will support numerous hardware uses and be suitable for future technology as well as the current technology

The structured cabling system consists of not only the data cabling itself but also the elements through which it passes and in which is terminated or housed

The main elements of a structured cabling installation are (Industry abbreviations in brackets)

• The incoming services or Entrance Facility (EF)
• The Communications or Equipment Room (ER)
• Distributed communications room on other floors or parts of the building
  • Telecommunications Rooms (TR)
  • Telecommunications Enclosures (TE)
• The backbone cabling linking through the building
• The main horizontal data cabling from cabinet to the floor
• The work area

Each of these parts of the structured cabling system have a set of guidelines for best practice installation. Furthermore each standard can run itself into many pages. A structured cabling consultant will incorporate these standards into your installation

The following is an outline of expectations and uses of each of these elements of a structured cabling system

• Entrance Facility (EF)

This is the part of the building where the incoming services enter and terminate. This creates a demarcation point between the outside provider and the services for the building. This would be where the incoming phone lines, fibre optics or Ethernet is terminated within the building from the outside provider.

In larger building the Ethernet cabling might terminate in a plant room and then have separate cabling links to each separate tenant space.

In a smaller building or single occupancy this may be housed within the main communications or equipment room (ER)

• Communications or Equipment Room (ER)

This is typically the main technology room for the individual tenant. This room will house the main communication equipment. From here  it will distribute both data cabling to users. In addition it will distribute backbone cabling to other cabinets. These could situated throughout the building on separate floors or in different buildings.

In many commercial spaces the main communications room will be the only room. Thus all data cabling will originate and terminate in here

• Telecommunication Room and Enclosures (TR and TE)

Data cabling has a maximum distance of 90m when installed from a cabinet to a user outlet. This allows for 5m patch leads each end for an overall maximum link of 100m.

In buildings where user outlets are more than 90 from the cabinet, sub cabinets are installed. These are recommended to be installed in a separate room which will house the additional cabinet and hardware to connect the users it serves.

In some designs regardless of distance one telecommunication room per floor is recommended for serving that floor but space does not always make this possible

For small working areas or where space is limited telecommunication enclosures are also used to server work areas. These are a specific use of a cabinet outside of a dedicated room such as mounting a small cabinet on a wall in a training area, warehouse, or outside building

• Backbone cabling

Once there are more than one data cabinet in a building these will need to be linked together to create communication throughout the entire building.

The backbone links are typically advised to consist of fibre optic links between cabinet and be a minimum of OM3 or OM4 multimode fibre optic cabling. In some cases singlemode fibre can be employed.

Copper backbone links are also commonly used but usually to serve a small space or smaller commercial tenant as it avoids the additional requirement of fibre switches and transmitters.

The consideration when installing backbone links will depend on the number of cabinets they are serving, how many links each cabinet needs and the bandwidth required between cabinet.

If a single link is required then a copper cable may be suitable. However multiple links can be contained within one fibre optic cable against multiple individual cable links when installing copper.

A Cat6a cable will connect at 10 gigabit up to 100m the same as an OM3 fibre optic cable but if you required 12 links you would have to install 12 cables against the single 24 core fibre cable and space and installation time then becomes an issue

• Horizontal Cabling

The horizontal element is the data cabling originating from each data cabinet and then serving the work areas. It includes the user modules, actual data cable, patch panels and patch leads.

The work areas and hardware they service may include desks computers and telephones, WIFI access points, CCTV and Access Control, BMS controllers, Audio Visual, Mobile Boosters and many others

The recognised cabling elements of horizontal structured cabling are

• 4 pair twisted pair copper cabling such as Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7 and Cat8
• Multimode fibre cabling
• Singlemode fibre cabling

Horizontal cabling is mainly installed in copper cabling but in situation where high bandwidth or longer distance are required then fibre optic are employed.

The maximum distance of these links if they are copper are 90m and can either be installed directly from the cabinet to each outlet or via a consolidation point or MUTOA when a bank of outlets is terminated in a set location such as under the floor and then localised links are installed to desks from that position. This allows for flexibility in moving spaces but does increase the initial data cabling installation

The chart below compares the different cabling bandwidths and speeds and then how different cables can transmit the 10 gigabit standard

Copper Data Cabling Comparison Chart

10 Gigabit Cabling Comparison Chart

• The Work Area

The work area is the area where each user is to be located.

This will consist of the actual termination outlets and the method in which it is housed. Commonly this could be in a floor box, direct to the desk through a grommet or mounted on a wall in either dado trunking or surface mounted.

The recommendation is that each user has a minimum of 2 data outlets each

Other components through a structured cabling system

The components above are the core of every structured cabling installation. Furthermore thehe variations of each will vary greatly depending on the size of the company. In addition the size and style of the building and of course overall budget. As a qualified structured cabling consultant company we fit our designs to your space

Other components that serve as part of these installation include the type of containment required to house and support these cables, the power requirements for the hardware, the cooling for the communication rooms and the lighting within those rooms

For further structured cabling consultant articles please visit https://www.nmcabling.co.uk/knowledge-centre/

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Structured Cabling Installation for London Duck Tours

Client: London Duck Tours
Location: Offices and Booking Store, Waterloo Station, London

London Duck Tours, known for their iconic yellow amphibious vehicles that delight visitors across the streets of London and the River Thames, required an upgrade to their head office infrastructure. Operating from their booking store and offices near Waterloo Station, the company needed a modern structured cabling system to support their growing business operations.

Project Scope

To accommodate London Duck Tours’ increasing IT and communication demands, a new structured cabling system was designed and installed. The scope of the project included:

• Installation of Cat6 structured cabling across multiple floors for high-speed, reliable data transmission.
• Implementation of fibre optic cabling to seamlessly link the existing IT network with the new office spaces.
• Full integration of the new infrastructure to support office communications, data management, and booking systems.

Efficient Delivery and Minimal Disruption

Understanding the operational needs of London Duck Tours and the importance of their busy location near Waterloo Station, NM Cabling worked to:

• Minimise downtime by implementing the project over a compressed timeframe, ensuring business continuity.
• Carefully plan the installation to avoid disruption to staff, visitors, and other occupants of the building.
• Maintain safety and cleanliness throughout the project, adhering to site-specific protocols and standards.

Outcomes and Benefits

The newly installed structured cabling system provides London Duck Tours with:

• High-performance connectivity for data, voice, and network services.
• Enhanced scalability to support future IT infrastructure growth.
• Improved reliability and efficiency, ensuring seamless operation for critical systems, including booking services and communications.

Why NM Cabling?

With over 20 years of experience in delivering structured cabling solutions, NM Cabling combines:

• Expertise in Cat6 and Fibre Optic Cabling systems
• Efficient project delivery with minimal disruption
• Fully tested and certified installations, backed by a 25-year manufacturer’s guarantee

NM Cabling’s tailored approach ensures businesses like London Duck Tours have the robust infrastructure they need to thrive.

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NM Cabling are delighted to announce that we have been appointed as an approved installer for Brand Rex structured cabling

NM Cabling are now an approved installer for Brand Rex structured cabling. The NM Cabling team will offer expertise in data cabling system design, Fibre Optic Cabling and Copper Data Cabling installations.
Brand-Rex is a leading global supplier of standards based structured cabling systems for data centres, Cat5e Cabling ,Cat6 Cabling, Cat6A Cabling, Cat7/7A Cabling and 10 Gig Cabling Networks
The Brand Rex structured cabling solutions will be primarily focused in London, The South East and throughout the UK and serviced from NM Cabling’s three offices in Rickmansworth, Andover and Central London

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What is Structured Cabling?

Structured cabling refers to the standardised system of wiring within a building that supports various communication technologies such as telephones, computers, and security systems. It provides a cohesive infrastructure for data and voice transmission, ensuring efficiency, reliability, and scalability. By organising cables into a unified framework, structured cabling simplifies maintenance and upgrades, facilitating smooth connectivity across various devices and locations.

How does structured cabling improve the performance of a network?

Companies are increasingly looking to technology to differentiate from their competitors. Communication with customers, whether by email, social media, or traditional voice channels offers a real opportunity to boost competitive advantage.
As such, companies are investing in Structured Cabling to ensure that their networks can stand up to the demands of their user base and deliver a great customer experience.

Benefits of Structured Cabling

• Simplifies network management and troubleshooting.
• Reduces downtime with organised and reliable connections.
• Easily scalable for future growth and new technologies.
• Provides a consistent, standardised infrastructure across the business.

Applications enabled by Structured Cabling

1. PC’s / Computers
2. Telephones / VoIP
3. Access Control
4. CCTV
5. Televisions and Displays
6. Projectors
7. Printers
8. Wifi
9. Mobile Phone Boosters
10. EPOS / Tills

Components of Structured Cabling

As the phrase implied, the cabling network is “Structured” and therefore standards and similar layouts are often seen and designed in mind.
There are 6 components of every structured cabling installation. However, in some cases individual elements will be encompassed in the same room or facility.
Structured cabling includes key components like patch panels, network switches, cables (such as twisted pair and fibre optic), wall sockets, and cable management systems. These elements work together to create a robust infrastructure for data and telecommunications, enabling efficient connectivity and simplified management.

A structured cabling system is typically divided into six key subsystems

1. (EF) The Entrance Facility – This is where the incoming broadband or lines come into the building and are terminated
2. (ER) Equipment Room or Communications Room – The main cabinets for the building where the core technology is housed. In many cases the EF is in the same room
3. (TR) Telecommunications Room or (TE) Telecommunications enclosure. – The sub cabinets around the building linked to the main ER
4. Backbone Cabling – When a building has cabinets in more than one location, backbone cabling is used to link those cabinets. In most cases this will be via fibre optic cabling
5. (WA) Work Area – The working space where employees, meeting rooms etc are located. A single desk is usually a work area
6. Horizontal cabling – The network cabling from the cabinets to the work areas. For example, Cat5e, Cat6, Cat6a, Cat7 and Cat8 cabling.

In a small installation a building may only have an equipment room, work areas and horizontal cabling. The EF will be inside the equipment room and with no telecommunication rooms there will be no backbone cabling

Data Cabling – Horizontal Cabling

Data cabling is the infrastructure that connects computers and other nodes throughout your company and it is therefore a key, but sometimes overlooked, part of your IT landscape.

As companies gradually turn to software and internet hosted applications, the speed and quality of your internal networks can have a serious impact on the productivity and performance of your workforce. A structured Cabling network can carry high bandwidth which will be able to support new applications and will not become quickly out-dated.

We live in a world where we are increasingly connected and reliant on our technology, and in some situations Wi-Fi, or mobile connectivity simply does not offer the required level of speed or resiliency. With continued rapid changes in technology, it is important that you examine your structured cabling solutions.

With technology moving on so fast you also need to make sure the network cabling you install is up to the requirements of your current technology and your future expansion needs.

The cabling standards for cabling include

Copper Cables

1. Cat5e
2. Cat6
3. Cat6a
4. Cat7
5. Cat8

We have created a further article that explains the differences in all the network cabling systems and can be found here Cat5e v Cat6, v Cat7 v Cat8

Fibre optic Cabling

1. Om1 Multimode
2. Om2 Multimode
3. Om3 Multimode
4. Om4 Multimode
5. Om5 Multimode
6. OS1 Singlemode

We have created a specific knowledge centre on fibre optic cabling here

Simplify Connections with Structured Cabling

Structured Cabling can replace various wiring systems with a single, unified system that can transmit data in any format, from voice to video. Many forms of device can be connected whether it be PC, telephone or fax, it is sufficient to use the appropriate adapter.

Structured Cabling Case Studies

No two cabling projects are the same, as each will have its own technicalities and nuances. While much of the technology that underpins data cabling has become standardised and commoditised, it is important to find an overall solution that is tailored to meet your needs.

Structured Cabling systems allow you to make moves and changes in a matter of minutes. Whether it is a simple change of desks or an entire office reorganization involving moving floors, simply plug-in and get back to work with minimum disruption. The intrinsic flexibility of structured cabling systems can save time and money.

As a Data cabling specialist, NM Cabling Solutions has experience implementing structured cabling projects across a wide range of areas, ranging from corporate solutions to Luxury yachts. Our Structured Cabling case studies can help you to understand the importance of cabling as part of the overall IT solution, and highlight some of the opportunities that may be available to you.

Case Studies on Network Cabling

Tower of London – Poppy Appeal – The 2014 Poppy Appeal at the Tower of London was one of the iconic events of the year, with visitors flocking from all over the world to catch a glimpse. NM Cabling used a mix of Cat6 and fibre optic cabling to connect Wi-Fi units around the moat, allowing visitors to log on and learn more about the appeal.

Avtrade Global Aviation Component Support – This data cabling case study highlights how multiple systems in the corporate environment are reliant on structured cabling, from traditional telecommunications, through to CCTV, door entry and PA systems.

The Wellesley Yacht Completed Project – As part of the refurbishment of the Wellesley Yacht, NM Cabling installed Cat6 cabling throughout to support a state of the art television and audio system.

Click here for more network cabling case studies

Why Choose Structured Cabling?

As the above examples show, in order to achieve optimal performance from you investment in technology, it is important that you focus sufficient attention on the network infrastructure that binds it all together.

The trend of interconnectedness is set to explode over the next few years, with an increasing array of devices requiring network access to harness their full potential. The information economy will thrive on the data points that these devices share.

The right cabling solution, designed and installed for your requirements will keep you one step ahead of your competitors by ensuring that your network is greater than the sum of its parts.

For more information or for a Free Structured Cabling audit speak to an expert now.

Contact NM Cabling  for a free cabling review or survey  01923 888588

Read more about the benefits of Structured cabling in our Knowledge Centre

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